Dissociation (Dissolution) Disorders: A Review on Definition, Symptoms and Treatment Approaches
Abstract views: 33
/ 
PDF downloads: 19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15709505Keywords:
Dissociation, dissociation disorders, dissociative identity disorder, review article.Abstract
Dissociative disorders are complex and multifaceted mental disorders that affect the individual in many ways. There are types such as dissociative identity disorder, dissociative amnesia, depersonalization and derealization. The aim of this review study is to examine what dissociative disorders are, how they are defined, their symptoms and treatment. In this study, the review method was used and no scale or field study was conducted. In the examination of this study, articles in the Google Scholar database, theses in YÖK Thesis and books on the subject were examined. As a result of the sources examined, it was concluded that dissociative disorders occur due to childhood traumas and there is no definite therapy program. It was concluded that medication and psychotherapy should be used together. In addition, it was among the results of the study that dissociation can be seen not only in dissociative disorders but also with other pathologies. In this context, it is emphasized that early diagnosis and appropriate psychotherapeutic interventions are important and it is recommended to increase research on this subject.
References
Akcan, G., & Öztürk, E. (2018). Dissosiyatif temel belirtiler ve temel psikoterapötik yaklaşımlar. In Ruhsal Travma ve Dissosiyasyon (pp. 20–30). Türkiye Klinikleri.
Aktay, M. ve Sayar, G. H. (2021). Psikiyatrik bozuklukların psikososyal yönü. Cyprus Turki̇sh Journal Of Psychi̇atry & Psychology, Vol.3(1), 1-8. Doi:10.35365/ctjpp
American Psychiatric Association, (2013): Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association,
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5-TR (5th ed., text rev.). American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
APA (1952) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 1st ed (DSM-I). Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association.
APA (1968) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2nd ed. (DSM-II). Washington, DC. American Psychiatric Association.
APA (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. (DSM-III). Washington, DC. American Psychiatric Association.
APA (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV). Washington, DC. American Psychiatric Association.
Bækkelund, H., Ulvenes, P. ve Arnevi̇k, S. B. A. E. A. (2022). Group treatment for complex dissociative disorders: a randomized clinical trial. Bmc Psychi̇atry, 22(338).
Balcıoğlu YH, Balcıoğlu İ. (2018), Dissosiyatif Bozuklukların Tanımı ve Tanı Ölçütleri. Öztürk E, editör.Ruhsal Travma ve Dissosiyasyon. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; p.8-13.
Beşi̇roğlu, L. (2024). Çözülme ayrışma dağılma. Epsi̇lon Yayın Evi.
Brand, B. L., Classen, C. C. ve Zaveri̇, McNary, S.W., Zaveri, P. (2009). A review of dissociative disorders treatment studies. The Journal Of Nervous And Mental Di̇sease, 197, 646-654.
Chu, James A ve diğer. (2011) “International Society For The Study Of Trauma And Dissociation Guidelines For Treating Dissociative İdentity Disorder İn Adults, Third Edition”. Journal Of Trauma And Dissociation, 12.2, ss:115‐187.
Di̇nçel, M. (2023). Oti̇zm spektrum bozukluğu olan ergenlerde travma sonrası stres bozukluğu ve di̇ssosi̇yati̇f bozuklukların araştırılması [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. İ̇stanbul Üni̇versi̇tesi̇.
Dinçel, M., & Karayağmurlu, A. (2024). Otistik ergenlerde dissosiyatif semptomlar ve ilişkili faktörlerin incelenmesi. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54(5), 2345–2357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06374-7
Doğru, Ç. (2017). Dissosiyatif Kimlik Bozukluğu-Çoğul Kişilik. Acıbadem Psikoloji. Erişim:30.03.2017, http://www.acibadempsikoloji.com.tr/dissosiyatif-kimlikbozuklugu-cogul-kisilik/.
Dorahy, M. J., Brand, B. L., Şar, V., Krüger, C., Stavropoulos, P., & Martinez-Taboas, A. (2014). Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 48(5), 402–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867414527478
Gölge, Z. B. (2005). Cinsel travma sonrası oluşan ruhsal sorunlar. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 42(1–4), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.16919/npa.2005.42.1.19
Howell, E. F., & Itzkowitz, S. (2017). The dissociative mind in psychoanalysis. New York: Rowman.
İslam, S. (2009). Karmasık di̇ssosi̇yati̇f bozukluk ve majör depresyonun aleksi̇ti̇mi̇, bi̇li̇ssel i̇çgörü, ki̇si̇lerarası baglanma ve i̇nti̇har egi̇li̇mi̇ açısından karsılastırılması [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. İ̇stanbul Üni̇versi̇tesi̇.experiences scale. Am J Psychi̇atry, 175(1), 37-44.
John Morton (2017): Interidentity amnesia in dissociative identity disorder, Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2017.1327848
Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi: Kavramalar, İlker, Teknikler. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
Kluft, RP. (1984): Treatment of multiple personality: a study of 33 cases. Psychiatr Clin North Am 7:9-29.
Lapointe, A. R., Crayton, J. W., deVito, R., Fichtner, C. G., & Konopka, L. M. (2006). Similar or disparate brain patterns? The intra-personal EEG variability of three women with multiple personality disorder. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 37(3), 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/155005940603700314
Lyssenko, L., Schmahl, C., Bockhacker, L. ve Vonderli̇̇n, R. (2018). Dissociation in psychiatric disorders: a meta-analysis of studies using the dissociative
Nijenhuis, E. R. S. (2015). The Trinity of Trauma: Ignorance, Fragility and Control: The Evolving Concept of Trauma/The Concept and Facts of Dissociation in Trauma. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Özen, Y. (2024). Psikotravmatoloji ve dissosiyatif bozukluklar. Akademi̇syen Yayın Evi̇.
Öztürk, E. (2017), “Travma ve Dissosiyasyon: Dissosiyatif Kimlik Bozukluğunun Psikoterapisi Ve Aile Dinamikleri”. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 1. Baskı.
Öztürk, E. (2009). Dissosiyatif kimlik bozukluğunun psikoterapisi. Psike Journal, 2, 39–49.
Öztürk, E. (2017). Trauma and dissociation: Psychotherapy of dissociative identity disorder and family dynamics. In Ruhsal Travma ve Dissosiyasyon (1st ed., pp. 8–13). Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
Öztürk, O. ve Uluşahi̇n, A. (2023). Dissosiyatif bozukluklar ve bedensel belirti ile ilişkili bozukluklar. O. Öztürk ve A. Uluşahi̇n (Ed.), Ruh sağlığı ve bozuklukları içinde (s. 383-387). Bayt.
Rei̇nders, A. A. T. S., Marquand, A. F., Schlumpf†, Y. R., Chalavi̇, S., Vi̇ssi̇a, E. M., Ni̇jenhui̇s, E. R. S., Dazzan, P. ve Veltman, J. D. (2019). Aiding the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder: pattern recognition study of brain biomarkers. The Bri̇ti̇sh Journal Of Psychi̇atry, 215, 536-544. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.255
Renard, S. B., Huntjens, R. J. C., Lysaker, P. H., Moskowitz, A., Aleman, A., & Pijnenborg, G. H. M. (2017). Unique and overlapping symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum and dissociative disorders in relation to models of psychopathology: A systematic review. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43(1), 108–121. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw063
Ross, C. A., Heber, S., Norton, G. R., Anderson, D., Anderson, G., & Barchet, P. (1989). The dissociative disorders interview schedule: A structured interview. Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders, 2(3), 169–189.
Sar, V. (2011). Epidemiology of dissociative disorders: an overview. Epi̇demi̇ology Research İnternati̇onal.doi:10.1155/2011/404538
Soner, S. ve Aykut, S. (2017). Di̇ssosi̇yati̇f ki̇mli̇k bozukluğu temeli̇nde sosyal bi̇r sorun: ensest ve sosyal hi̇zmet. Türki̇̇ye Sosyal Hi̇̇zmet Araşti̇rmalari̇ Dergi̇̇si̇̇.
Steinberg, M. (1991). The spectrum of depersonalization: Assessment and treatment. In A. Tasman & S. M. Goldfinger (Eds.), Annual review of psychiatry (Vol. 10, pp. 223–247). American Psychiatric Press.
Stern, T. A., Fava, M., Wilens, T. E., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (2015). Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry (2. baskı). Elsevier
Şar V, Dorahy MJ, Krüger C. (2017), Revisiting the etiological aspects of dissociative identity disorder: a biopsychosocial perspective. Psychol Res Behav Manag, 10: 137–46.
Şar V. (2018), Dissosiyatif bozukluklar. In: Karamustafalıoğlu O, ed. Temel ve Klinik Psikiyatri. 1st ed. Ankara: Güneş; 453-60
Şar, V. (2013). Dissosiyatif Bozukluklar. Psikiyatri Ders Kitabı içinde, R.Tükel, S.Çakır (eds), Nobel Yayıncılık,Istanbul,s.65-72.
Şar, V., Akyüz, G. ve Doğan, O. (2007). Prevalence of dissociative disorders among women in the general population. Elsevi̇er, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.01.005
Vermetten, E., Schmahl, C., Lindner, S., Loewenstein, R. J., & Bremner, J. D. (2006). Hippocampal and amygdalar volumes in dissociative identity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(4), 630–636. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.163.4.630
Yanık, M. (2018). Bölünmüş Zihinler: Dissosiyatif Kimlik Bozukluğunun Tanı ve Tedavisi. İstanbul, İstanbul Tıp Kitapevleri.
Yetki̇̇n, S. ve Öztürk, A. (2023). Di̇ssosi̇yasyon i̇le benli̇ği̇n farklılaşması ve problem çözme beceri̇leri̇ arasındaki̇ i̇li̇şki̇ [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. İ̇stanbul Sabahatti̇̇n Zai̇m Üni̇̇versi̇̇tesi̇̇.
Zoroğlu, S. S., Akay, A., & Ercan, E. S. (Eds.). (2021). Çocuk ve ergenlerde dissosiyatif bozukluklar. In Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları (2nd ed., pp. 253–270). Türkiye Çocuk ve Genç Psikiyatri Derneği.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 ASES INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SPORTS SCIENCES (ISSN: 3023-5723)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
