The Effect of Green Synthesis Zno Nanopathicles on Functional Repair and Behavioral Improvement in Cisplatin-Induced Neuro-Localized Damage

Abstract

Abstract

Today, cancer is among the most significant factors contributing to morbidity and mortality. Cancer is a genetic disorder of the body's cells. The chromosomal structures of tumors are generally far from normal, and most carry numerous abnormalities, both numerically and structurally. Chemotherapy plays a crucial role in cancer treatment. However, the damage these drugs inflict on healthy cells reduces the effectiveness of treatment and negatively impacts the patient's quality of life. Cisplatin, one of these drugs, is considered the standard treatment for solid tumors. Although cisplatin has difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier, it readily accumulates in the dorsal root ganglia, the central nervous system. In this region, it interacts with the DNA of neurons, inhibiting protein production and disrupting the cell's survival mechanism. This neurological damage caused by cisplatin leads to oxidative stress and axonal damage in nerve cells, severely impacting and reducing patients' quality of life. In modern medicine, "green synthesis" techniques, achieved through biological methods, are gaining prominence to mitigate this damage. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), especially those created from extracts of medicinal plants, exhibit high compatibility and neuroprotective properties thanks to the plant chemicals they contain. Unlike chemical methods, ZnO nanoparticles obtained using medicinal plant extracts offer a dual benefit in reducing neurotoxicity. The phytochemicals (polyphenols, flavonoids) in the plant extracts coat the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles, increasing their stability while also providing additional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nanoparticles produced through green synthesis have less systemic toxicity than synthetic ones and provide a more harmonious healing process in nerve tissue. The brain-protective effect of nanoparticles needs to be proven not only at the microscopic level but also in terms of the organism's decision-making and navigation abilities. Maze tests, applied for this purpose, provide the strongest evidence in demonstrating the success of the treatment in the behavioral domain. Observing a nerve cell recovering under a microscope is quite important, but what is essential is the effect of this recovery on the organism's mobility and learning capacity. Behavioral tests are one of the strongest pieces of evidence showing the real-life reflections of cellular and molecular information obtained under laboratory conditions. The approach to be considered is to investigate the potential of ZnO NPs, obtained from various plants through green synthesis, to reduce cisplatin-induced neurological damage, provide functional recovery, and correct impaired behavioral functions. ZnO nanoparticles produced by green synthesis methods will not only function as carriers but will also be a smart treatment method that combines the effect of plant antioxidants with the restorative properties of zinc. These approaches will demonstrate that the resulting ZnO nanoparticles could be an effective alternative in reducing the harmful effects of chemotherapy drugs on the nervous system. This innovative nano-approach will offer a low-harm and highly effective treatment option for controlling chemotherapy-induced nervous system problems in cancer patients.